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a | 1. as in E. 'father' (Anglo-German dialects) | [ah] |
2. as S. 'casa', F. 'la', and E. 'palm' | [aa] | |
e | 1. before vowels, 'eigh' as in 'eight' | [eigh] |
2. elsewhere, as in 'met' | [e] or [eh] | |
i | 1. before vowels, 'y' as in 'yet' | [y] |
2. elsewhere, as 'ee' in 'feet' | [ee] | |
o | 1. before /r/ or /i/, 'aw' as in 'law' | [aw] |
2. elsewhere, as in 'note' | [oh] | |
u | 1. before vowels, 'w' as in 'wee' | [w] |
2. elsewhere, as 'oo' in 'boot' | [oo] | |
w | as 'u' in F. 'plus' and as 'ü' in G. 'Mühle' | [eu] |
y | as 'u' in 'up' and 'a' in 'about' | [uh] |
b | as in 'boy' | [b] |
c | as 'sh' in 'shy' | [sh] |
d | as in 'dog' | [d] |
f | as in 'fog' | [f] |
g | as in 'get' | [g] |
h | as in 'hut' | [h] |
j | as 's' in 'measure' 'z' in 'azure', and 'J' in F. 'Jean' | [zh] |
k | as in 'kin' | [k] |
l | 1. as in 'let' | [l] |
2. as in 'bottle' when vocalic | [ll] | |
m | 1. as in 'met' | [m] |
2. as in 'rhythm' when vocalic | [mm] | |
n | 1. before /k/ or /g/, as 'ng' in 'sing' | [ng] |
2. elsewhere as in 'net' | [n] | |
3. as 'en' in 'listen' when vocalic | [nn] | |
p | as in 'pet' | [p] |
q | as 'th' in 'thin' | [th] |
r | 1. as in 'rat' | [r] |
2. as 'er' in 'father' when vocalic | [rr] | |
s | as in 'sat' | [s] or [ss] |
t | as in 'tin' | [t] |
v | as in 'vet' | [v] |
x | as 'ch' in G. 'Bach' | [kh] |
z | as in 'zinc' | [z] |
ai | as 'igh' in 'sigh' | [igh] |
ao | as 'ow' in 'cow' and 'ough' in 'bough' | [ow] or [ough] |
ei | as 'ay' in 'day' | [ay] or [eight-ee] |
oi | as 'oy' in 'boy' | [oy] |